england v south africa: August 2010

Tuesday, August 31, 2010

Notable tours

• 1912–13: South African tour of the British Isles and France. The tourists achieved a "Grand Slam" of victories over all five major European teams, England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and France.
• 1925: All Blacks tour of Britain, France, and Canada. The New Zealanders remained undefeated throughout the tour, earning the title "The Invincibles".
• 1937: Springboks tour of New Zealand. South Africa beat New Zealand in their only series win in New Zealand.
• 1951–52: South African tour of the British Isles and France. South Africa achieved a second five-nation Grand Slam.
• 1956: Springboks tour of New Zealand. South Africa suffer their first ever test series loss against New Zealand.
• 1971: Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand. The only Lions team to have ever won a test series in New Zealand.
• 1971: Springbok tour of Australia marked by protests. Under the captaincy of Hannes Marais, however, the side inherited the nickname of its 1925 forbear.
• 1974: Lions tour of South Africa—the notorious 99 call.
• 1981: Springbok Tour of New Zealand.
• 2001: Lions tour of Australia. The Wallabies defeat the Lions in a series for the first time ever.

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Notable games

1871: First recognised international match, played between England and Scotland at Raeburn Place.
1905: Wales narrowly beat the first touring New Zealand team, dubbed 'The Game of the Century'.
1973: The Barbarians defeat the All Blacks at Cardiff Arms Park
1978: Irish provincial side Munster defeat the All Blacks 12-0 at Thomond Park. It is the All Blacks only defeat on the 1978 tour.
1999: France upsets the heavily-favoured All Blacks in the 1999 Rugby World Cup semi-finals.
2000: New Zealand narrowly defeats Australia at Stadium Australia in front of a world-record crowd of 109,874.

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List of Rugby World Cup Finals

• 1987: New Zealand defeated France 29-9 at Eden Park, Auckland, in the first Rugby World Cup, held in New Zealand and Australia.
• 1991: Australia defeated England 12-6 at Twickenham, London, in the second Rugby World Cup, held in the British Isles and France.
• 1995: South Africa defeated New Zealand 15-12 (after extra time) at Ellis Park, Johannesburg in the third Rugby World Cup, held in South Africa.
• 1999: Australia defeated France 35-12 at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff in the fourth Rugby World Cup, held in Wales with matches also being played in England, Scotland, Ireland and France.
• 2003: England defeated Australia 20-17 (after extra time) at Stadium Australia, Sydney in the fifth Rugby World Cup, held in Australia.
• 2007: South Africa defeated England 15-6 at Stade de France, Paris in the sixth Rugby World Cup, held in France with matches also being played in Scotland and Wales.

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Saturday, August 28, 2010

Important international competitions

1883: First Home nations Championship between England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.
1910: The Home Nations Championship becomes the Five Nations Championship when France joins.
1987: First Rugby World Cup.
1996: The Tri Nations Series begins between Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
2000: The Five Nations becomes The Six Nations Championship when Italy joins.
2012: The Tri Nations is scheduled to add Argentina; the name of the expanded

Thursday, August 26, 2010

Timeline of the foundation of national rugby unions

The first national rugby union was the Rugby Football Union, founded in England in 1871. This was followed over the next decade by the Scottish, Irish and Welsh Rugby Unions. In Australia, the Southern Rugby Union (later the New South Wales Rugby Union) and the Northern Rugby Union (later the Queensland Rugby Union) were formed in 1874 and 1883 respectively, before eventually helping form the Australian Rugby Union in 1949. Both South Africa and New Zealand formed their Unions before the end of the 19th century. The white South African Rugby Board merged with the non-racial South African Rugby Union in 1992 following the fall of apartheid. The other traditional rugby power, France, formed the French Rugby Federation in 1919.

Tuesday, August 24, 2010

Scoring

The scoring system used in rugby has changed many times over the years. In the original games scoring a "touch down" allowed the team to "try" a kick at goal. This is the derivation of the word "try" to describe a touch down in Rugby Union. Prior to 1890 each of the Home Unions had their own point scoring systems. A try scored in Scotland was worth 2 points whilst a try scored in England was worth 1 point. One of the first tasks undertaken by the International Rugby Football Board, formed in 1890, was to introduce a standard point scoring system. One point was awarded for a try, two points for a successful kick at goal after scoring a try (a conversion) and three points for a dropped goal or for a penalty goal. Most of the changes have been to increase the value of tries compared to goals (conversions, penalties, dropped-goals, and goals from mark) in order to promote positive, attacking play.

The professional era

The Heineken Cup was formed in 1995 as a competition for 12 European clubs. Today the competition includes teams from England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales. The century-old competition for the top European rugby nations became the Six Nations Championship in 2000 with the addition of Italy.

The key benefit for rugby union was that professionalism would eliminate the constant defection of union players who were attracted to the money of rugby league. The rugby union authorities of the time also hoped that as players could now play in either code, in the long term most of the sponsorship and interest would gravitate away from league to the more international game of union. However, rugby union has not managed to lure away more than a handful of elite players from rugby league, as the two codes have become quite different over the decades of separation in both culture and in aspects of play. The preferred body type and skill sets of players differ, especially in the play of the forwards. With access to players of different types, some more suited to one code and some to the other, some English rugby union clubs such as Harlequins have even formed partnerships with a rugby league club which play in the premier rugby league competitions. In some countries rugby union's administration and structure have not developed along with its professionalism. In Australia the constant flow of rugby union juniors to rugby league clubs has slowed, but Australian rugby union has failed to successfully promote a club or franchise league below the elite level. With professional club games every weekend, Australian rugby league has maintained its dominance.

The many smaller unions across the globe have struggled (both financially and in playing terms) to compete with the major nations since the start of the open era. In England whilst some teams flourished in the professional era others such as Richmond, Wakefield, Orrell, Waterloo and London Scottish found the going much harder and have either folded or dropped down to minor leagues.

Alterations to the laws of rugby union were trialled by students of Stellenbosch University in South Africa in 2006, and have been adopted in competitions in Scotland and Australia since 2007, though only a few of the rules have been universally adopted. The law variations are an attempt to make rugby union easier to understand by referees, fans and players, but the laws are controversial and are far from being endorsed by all members of these groups.